语法构成
语法包括词法和句法
1.词法
实词(有实际意义的词): n./v./pron./adj./adv./num.(可做宾)
虚词: 冠词, 介词, 连词
2. 句法
graph LR
AA[句法]-->C[句子成分]
AA-->J[句子]
AA-->K[基本句型]
C-->A[主干]
A-->A1[主, 谓, 宾, 表, 宾补]
C-->D[枝干]
D-->D1[定语]
D-->D2[同位语]
D-->D3[时间, 地点, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步, 方式, 程度, 伴随]
J-->H[简单句, 长句子, 难句子, 长难句]
K-->K1[主谓]
K-->K2[主谓宾]
K-->K3[主谓宾宾补]
K-->K4[主谓双宾]
K3-->K31[在两个宾语之间加is, 不考语法, 如果意义上相通则是宾补, 不通是双宾结构]
K4-->K31
K-->K5[主系表]
- 宾补成分
1. 后跟 名词 作宾补的动词 call, name, think, make, choose
call you feng,
name it "Lily",
think him an idiot ,
2. 后跟 形容词 作宾补
keep you safe
find it difficult
get it right
think him foolish
3. 动词不定时 作宾补
ask sb to do sth
当谓语为感官动词(feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at ) | 使役动词(let, have,make) 动词不定式不带to
当感官供词作为被动语态, , 不带to不定式转为**带to** 不定式- 简单句变复杂句方式
1> 基本句型 + 修饰成分
1. 单词及简单词组 做枝干成分
My sister will fix everything
My versatile sister,a help girl ,will fix evertthing quickly
2. 介词短语做 定语, 状语
作定: My sister will fix everything on the list
作状: My sister will fix everything in the school.
3. with 复合结构 作定 状
with 复合作定: My sister will fix everything with English problems in it.
with 复合作状: My sister will fix everything with her mind determined
4. 独立主格作状语
带主语的分词(过去分词, 现在分词)
只能作状语: Every fixed, my sister went home.
5. 非谓语作定语, 状语
作定语: My sister will fix everything to be proposed by the students.
作状语: Being a helpful girl, my sister will fix everything.
2> 并列句
3> 主从句
名词性从句(主从, 宾从, 表从, 同位从)
定从
状从
4> 四类变态化过程
1. 倒装:
全部倒装: 整个谓语放在主语前: Here comes the bus.
部分倒装: 只将助动词置于主语前 , 如Never shall we improperly belittle ourselves.
2. 省略
He is very good at dancing, though very old.
3. 强调
it (is)was +被强调部分+ that + 其他
It is my sister that you met yesterday
在动词前加do/did 也表强调
4. 比较
同级比较: Tom as smart as Jerry
不同级; A is smart than B A >B总结
- 作主语的都可以作宾语
- 谓语动词后为宾语或其他
