deficit
Because there is a trade deficit of approximately 2.5million between China and the United States, in order to protect the interests of United States, the Trump administration decided to launch a trade war against China.
因为中美之间存在大约2500000的贸易逆差, 为了保护美国的利益, 川普政府决定对中国展开贸易战.
因为: 原因状语从句
为了: 目的状语
存在: there is a
in order that+从句 in order to+动词原形区别:
in order that+从句构成目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的；in order to+动词原形构成目的状语，不成从句, in order that与in order to只是结构相似，含义相同，但两者用法却有较大差异，不能够互换使用，因为后者不能引导目的状语从句，只能紧跟动词原形构成目的状语.
I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.
I get up early in order to catch the early bus.
average
I study on average about 7 hour a day.
I average about 7 hour a day learning.
我平均大约每天学习7个小时
Over the last few years , on average about 90 percent of the participants reported that their knowledge on trade facilitation and paperless trade increased as a result of their attendance
过去几年来，平均约90%的参加者表示，这些活动增加了他们在贸易便利化和无纸化贸易方面的知识。
manufacture
China is a big manufacturing country with a rich variety of manufactured products, manufacturing all kinds of clothing. However, there is a big gap between China’s high-tech and developed countries.
中国是制造业大国,制造产品种类丰富,制造各种服装. 但中国高新技术与发达国家有较大差距.
factory 工厂 a car factory 汽车制造厂
faculty
This afternoon, Luoyang Institute of Technology held a faculty meeting, the meeting stressed the need to improve their ability to understand complex issues.
今天下午, 洛阳理工学院召开全体教师会议, 会议中强调要提高学生理解复杂问题的能力
The faculty of Art 艺术院
能力faculty, ability, capacity区别
faculty 指内在的力量或能力 An inherent power or ability
ability是指智力或体力上具有做某事的能力 the power,mental or physical,to do sth.
capacity是指天赋的 an innate potential for growth,development,or accomplishment
capability指一种可能得到发展或应用的才能或能力 a talent or ability that has potential for development or use 总的来说 差别不大 不要过分强调区别
improve vt. 改进,改善;增进, vi. 改善,变得更好
ability的含义较广，主要指人具有从事体力或脑力劳动的能力，并且暗含能够干好的意味。其复数形式表示“才能，专门技能”，其后常接to do sth.或in / for sth.。如：
She has the ability to do the job. 她有能力做好这项工作。
He found the company more suited to his abilities. 他找到了更容易发挥他才能的公司。
capability的含义与ability相似，但它既可以指人，又可以指物。其复数形式常常表示“潜在的能力”，其后接to do sth. / of doing sth. / for sth.。如：
He has the capability to complete this job. 他有能力完成这项工作。
Our country has the capability to defeat any intruder. 我国有能力战胜任何侵略者。
capacity指人或物的容纳或吸收能力，其后接for sth. / of sth.。如：
His capacity for languages is wonderful. 他学语言的能力极好。
The hall has a capacity of five hundred people. 这个会堂可以容纳五百人。
强调stress, emphasis区别
emphasis : 指尽力突出的重要性或重点。(要与on连用)
- I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it.
我认为我们应该像重视治疗一样重视疾病的预防。 - Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on written work and grammar.
这里的学校特别重视写作和语法。
stress : 常可与emphasis换用，但侧重指迫不及待地强调或坚持。
- During his speech, he laid particular stress on the freedom of the press.
他在讲话中特别强调了新闻自由。
问题problem, issue, question区别
Question 通常是用在對某件事有疑問，因此提出問題以尋求解答
Can I ask you a personal question?
Problem 通常是比較負面的字，用在遇到困難、麻煩，或不開心的時候
I don’t recommend this hotel. I had problems with their service and cleanliness a few months ago.（我不推荐这间饭店。数个月前我去的時候，对他们的服务和整体度不满意。)
Problem 和 issue 都可以用在遇到困難、麻煩，或不開心的時候。差別在於 problem 聽起來比較負面，而 issue 聽起來比較中性，也可以用在比較正式的場合，說明這件事是值得大家深思、討論，甚至辯論的。
Global warming is a serious issue that must be addressed sooner rather than later.（全球暖化是個一定要馬上處理的嚴重問題。
efficiency
One of the most important factors in learning is efficiency.
学习最需要考虑的因素之一的是效率
important , significant 区别
- significant:有意义的,相当数量的, 意味深长的,重要的,重大的 , 意指由于特别地 富有意义或特别的优秀 而非常突出的事 物,不一定意示紧迫或强有力.
This is an event of worldwide significance.这是一个具有世界意义(重要性)的事件.
A student’s school result prove significant for his or her future career.事实表明,学生的学习成绩对他(她)未来的事业具有重要意义 - important: 重要的
这是最为通用的,也远比其他各词(significant;consequential;momentous;vital)较非正式的词,它几乎可以含示此处其他各词较为确切指明的每一种含义.
Nothing is more important than health in one’s life.在人们的生活中,没有任何东西比健康更重要了
This is one of the most important battles of the war.这是这场战争中最重要的战斗之一.
infect
But once the number of people each person infects falls below one, it also dissipates exponentially.
但一旦每个人感染的人数降至1人以下，它也会以指数形式消失。
rose to(到), rose by(了), drop (ped) to(到), drop by(了)
Due to global warming, the temperature rose sharply to 20 degrees again.
由于全球变暖, 温度再次急剧上升到20度
fall , drop, throw区别
drop, throw 即可不及物,又可及物, 而fall 只能不及物
通过以上的例句不难看出 drop 和 fall 当作不及物动词使用时有以下几个区别：
第一，fall 有“摔倒”的意思，而 drop 则没有；
第二, Throw 既是一个及物动词，也是一个不及物动词，最常用的意思是“扔、丢、投掷”
第三，在两个词表示“落下，降落”时，drop 特别强调描述人为的、有空间高度下落的动作，而 fall 则可以指任何物体或人在没有受控制下、失去平衡而倾倒或受重力影响而“自然下落”。比如：
Can you throw the keys to me?
I dropped the glasses; they fell on the hard floor and broke.
我把杯子摔掉了，它们落在地上后碎了。
The weather forecast says temperature is going to fall below zero together.
due to, Because of ,Owing to区别
due to 形容词,修饰名词 , because of, Owing to 副词, 连接名词, 作状语用法相同
主动词为am, is, are, was, were等「be动词」时，我们要用due to
The serious accident was due to his careless driving.
Owing to the storm, they decide to cancel the flight.
as, for, since, because (conj)因为, 由于区别
since 的意思比起表达原因的因为，更适合翻译成「既然」
Since it is so hot, let’s go swimming. 既然天气这么热，我们去游泳吧。
As的意思上跟because相同，但要注意的是在句子中，as比较强调的结果的部分；because则比较强调原因；理由(reason)。
I hope they’ve decide to come as I wanted to hear about their India trip.
(我希望他们决定来这，因为我想要听有关他们印度旅行的事。)
— 强调前面有关「结果」的那句:希望他们决定来这。
We're no dessert in the house **because** you ate all the ice cream last night.for解释作「因为」时是「连接词」，要特别注意的是句子中的for前面要加上一个「逗点。
We must start early , for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们得早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。
disappear与dissipate区别
disappear: If people or things disappear, they go somewhere where they cannot be seen nor found.
dissipate: to cause to gradually disappear or waste
fiction
I like science fiction , because it is a fictional story that can show people’s future lives..
我喜欢科幻小说, 应为它是虚构的故事,可以展现人们未来的生活.
fiction与novel 区别
fiction主要bai是完全虚构的小说，而novel就是根据现实，进行详尽扩展叙述的小说，当然其中也是包括适当的虚构成分
1.science fiction 科幻小说
2.stranger than fiction 奇幻人生（电影名称）
3.horror fiction 恐怖小说
4.legal fiction 法律虚拟（指法律事务上为权宜计在无真实依据情况下所作的假定）
5.science fiction film 科幻片
faction
派系
racist faction 种族主义派系
effect
Due to massive discharge of pollutants, various (diseases)cancers are the result of long-term effect of pollutants on the human body. Fortunately, antibodies take effect quickly.
由于污染物的大量排放, 各种疾病是污染物对人体长期效应的结果.幸好抗生素见效快
affair
When others interfere in the affair, it always makes troubles.
别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。
incident 是可预知的 事情
accident是 不可预知的偶然事件, 名词表示事故。
event历史性的、政治性的、对社会具有影响的大事件,强调其影响的深远性, 最为正规，通常表示国内外的大事
affair指的是一般的事件,或者是指事物,比较小的事务,但是affair常被用来直代一些丑闻或者花边事件
suffice
One example will suffice to illustrate the point.
举一个例子就足以说明这一点.
A light lunch will suffice.
一小份午餐就够了
并不是心灵上的满足, 而是已经达到某件事的要求的“足够”
office
office 办公室, 任
a room or part of a building in which people work, especially sitting at tables with computers, phones, etc., usually as a part of a business or other organization:
I didn’t leave the office until eight o’clock last night.
department 部
a part of an organization such as a school, business, or government that deals with a particular area of study or work:
She lives in Washington and works for the Department of Defense.
sacrifice
In order to win the team’s victory, he sacrificed everything.
为了获得团队的胜利, 他牺牲了一切
No one is worth a great deal of sacrifice .
没有谁值得获得重大的牺牲.
大量
修饰不可数
a great deal of 只能用在不可数名词前，表示 大量的, 形容词或副词的比较级前
a large amount of等
修饰可数
a good / great many, a large / great number of, scores of等, 名词要编程复数
既可数, 有不可数
a lot of, lots of, plenty of等
magnificent
The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
这座城市的美就在于它那些宏伟的建筑。
consist in 在于
precede
vt. 在…之前, 优于, 较..优先
vi 在前面
它是动词, 不是连词
Agricultural development simply must precede economic development.
农业的发展必须在整个经济发展中处于领先.
She preceded me in the job
她是我这工作的前任
lags v. 落后于
parliament
The Democrat want to win a seat in parliament
民主党想赢得议会中的一个席位
parliament: 是跟政治, 挂钩的国会, 议会
coroner
Tom died bizarrely, the coroner is investigating.
Tom离奇死亡, 验尸官正在调查.
验尸官调查离奇死亡的
bazar 巴扎, 集市, The Bazar is bizarre.
unanimous
Their decision was unanimous
他们的决定是全体一致通过的
contend
Mr Biden must contend with democratic decay at home.
拜登必须在国内应对民主党的衰落。
contend with与 deal with区别
contend with 强调与某个对手之间就某事的竞争或搏斗
deal with 强调充分发挥主观能动性去力争完成某事处理好某事
compete、contend、contest与rival区别
这些动词均可表示“竞争”之意
compete : 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指体育活动等活动中争取优胜的相互竞争，也可指为了自己的利益与他人竞争。
- It’s difficult for a small shop to compete against/with the big supermarkets.
小超市很难同大超市竞争。 - Both girls compete for their father’s attention.
两个女孩在父亲面前争宠。 - Turn the music down - I’m not competing against/with that noise (= I can’t/won’t try to speak louder than that music)!
把音乐声调小点儿——我可不想跟那噪声较劲！
contend : 指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
- There are three world-class tennis players contending for this title.
有3位世界顶级网球选手争夺这项冠军。 - He’s contending against someone with twice his experience.
他在和经验比他丰富一倍的人竞争。
contest : 指为争夺土地、阵地、权力或荣誉等而展开的竞争。
- The contest for the leadership of the party was very bitter.
该党领袖职务的竞选争夺非常激烈。 - The primary in Iowa is the first contest for the Republican nomination.
爱荷华州的初选是争夺共和党提名候选人的第一站。
rival : 指在两方或多方的竞争或比赛中，谁都想战胜或比得上对手。(river 河流)
- No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity.
没有任何计算机比得上人脑复杂。 - The beauty of the country is only rivalled by (= is as great in degree as) the violence of its politics.
该国的美丽风光非同寻常，而其国内政治的残暴同样惊世骇俗。
赌比较
Bet 赌注(通常用复数)
Stake 赌注(比Bet有水准)
Wager 赌注(比Bet正式)
Ante 赌注(比Bet赌金大，通常是扑克)
撤退 retreat, withdraw
Retreat” has a negative nuance, as if you’ve been defeated or you’re cowardly.
Withdraw is more calculated and purposeful.
阻碍
- obstruct: to try to stop something from happening or developing 尝试停止正在发生发展的事
- hinder: to limit the ability of someone to do something, or to limit the development of something限制人或物的发展的能力
- impede: to make it more difficult for something to happen or more difficult for someone to do something 把事情弄难来阻碍
- stymie : to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose 阻止正在发生的事, 或组织某人达成目标
